Evaluating levels of dentist participation in Medicaid: A complicated endeavor

Background The availability of dentists to care for Medicaid beneficiaries is a longstanding concern of many families and those who serve them in the dental profession as well as policy makers. Yet, little information beyond the number of enrolled dentists has been reliably determined. The American Dental Association (ADA) Health Policy Institute has called for more nuanced measures that better reflect dentistry's contribution to the care of Medicaid beneficiaries. Methods The authors calculated percentages of general and pediatric dentists who enrolled in Medicaid, billed Medicaid, and treated Medicaid beneficiaries in each state for which data were available from the ADA's 2008 study, the Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors’ 2013 report, and the 2013 federal Web site InsureKidsNow.org. To determine the number of primary dentists available to treat Medicaid beneficiaries, the ADA masterfile list of clinically active dentists was adjusted to remove nonpediatric dental specialists. Results The authors determined that the ADA's 2015 analysis of dentists enrolled in Medicaid was the most rigorously assessed source for enrollment but did not report numbers of billing or treating dentists. Increasingly stringent metrics of participation are associated with considerable declines in dentist participation. They found the underlying data sources unreliable, inaccurate, and incomparable within and among states. Conclusions The authors concluded that no consistent, comparable, ongoing source of dentist participation in Medicaid exists that reliably provides substantive information to the profession and policy makers. Practical Implications Dentistry's ability to respond to policymakers’ concerns about service to Medicaid beneficiaries depends on the development and implementation of a standardized, reliable, systematic, and ongoing method to measure meaningful participation.