Evaluation of Horizontal and Vertical Buccal Ridge Dimensional Changes After Immediate Implant Placement and Immediate Temporization With and Without Bone Augmentation Procedures: Short-Term, 1-Year Results. A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

This prospective randomized controlled clinical trial aimed to compare changes in the horizontal and vertical soft tissue and the alveolar ridge dimension over the course of 12 months following immediate implant placement and temporization with or without simultaneous augmentation with a deproteinized bovine bone mineral with 10% collagen (DBBM-C). Thirty-two patients with a hopeless maxillary anterior tooth and fully intact sockets received an immediate implant and provisional or custom healing abutment after a flapless extraction. Patients were randomized to a control group (n = 16), which received no graft, or to a test group (n = 16), which received DBBM-C grafts. Horizontal and vertical soft tissue changes as well as soft tissue thickness were compared digitally between groups on casts obtained from impressions made at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months. The test group showed less horizontal dimensional change than the control group; however, the change between the two groups was not statistically significant. Vertical dimensional soft tissue changes from baseline to 12 months showed a statistically significant difference at the distal papilla, favoring the test group. No statistically significant difference was observed for vertical changes between both groups at mesial papillae and midbuccal soft tissue; however, the test group showed lower values overall. No statistically significant differences in soft tissue thickness between groups were detected. Immediate implant placement and temporization with and without adding DBBM-C demonstrate favorable clinical outcomes regarding horizontal and vertical soft tissue changes. Both groups showed loss of tissue volume. Adding DBBM-C in the gap of immediately placed implants slightly lowered the change in tissue parameters, which was not statistically significant, for the first 12 months after implant placement.