Maternal thyroid hypofunction and pregnancy outcome

Jane Cleary-Goldman, Fergal D. Malone, Geralyn Lambert-Messerlian, Lisa Sullivan, Jacob Canick, T. Flint Porter, David Luthy, Susan Gross, Diana W. Bianchi, Mary E. D'Alton

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288 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Objective: To estimate whether maternal thyroid hypofunction is associated with complications. Methods: A total of 10,990 patients had first- and second-trimester serum assayed for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (freeT4), and antithyroglobulin and antithyroid peroxidase antibodies. Thyroid hypofunction was defined as 1) subclinical hypothyroidism: TSH levels above the 97.5th percentile and free T4 between the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles or 2) hypothyroxinemia: TSH between the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles and free T4 below the 2.5th percentile. Adverse outcomes were evaluated. Patients with thyroid hypofunction were compared with euthyroid patients (TSH and free T4 between the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles). Patients with and without antibodies were compared. Multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for confounders was used. Results: Subclinical hypothyroidism was documented in 2.2% (240 of 10,990) in the first and 2.2% (243 of 10,990) in the second trimester. Hypothyroxinemia was documented in 2.1% (232 of 10,990) in the first and 2.3% (247 of 10,990) in the second trimester. Subclinical hypothyroidism was not associated with adverse outcomes. In the first trimester, hypothyroxinemia was associated with preterm labor (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-2.62) and macrosomia (aOR 1.97; 95% CI 1.37-2.83). In the second trimester, it was associated with gestational diabetes (aOR 1.7; 95% CI 1.02-2.84). Fifteen percent (1,585 of 10,990) in the first and 14% (1,491 of 10,990) in the second trimester had antithyroid antibodies. When both antibodies were positive in either trimester, there was an increased risk for preterm premature rupture of membranes (P=.002 and P<.001, respectively). Conclusion: Maternal thyroid hypofunction is not associated with a consistent pattern of adverse outcomes.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)85-92
Number of pages8
JournalObstetrics and Gynecology
Volume112
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jul 2008

Funding

FundersFunder number
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentR01HD038652

    ASJC Scopus Subject Areas

    • Obstetrics and Gynaecology

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    Cleary-Goldman, J., Malone, F. D., Lambert-Messerlian, G., Sullivan, L., Canick, J., Porter, T. F., Luthy, D., Gross, S., Bianchi, D. W., & D'Alton, M. E. (2008). Maternal thyroid hypofunction and pregnancy outcome. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 112(1), 85-92. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181788dd7