Complications associated with orthobiologics

Orthobiologics including cell-based therapies and autologous blood products such as platelet-rich plasma used for treatment of musculoskeletal disorders have great potential when used in the correct patient, for the right pathology, and in the proper manner. However, various complications have been reported after using these treatments, including minor reactions such as localized pain and swelling, or serious complications including infections, inflammatory reactions, and even tumor. Serious complications may arise due to contaminated allogeneic products and can result in significant patient harm if not promptly recognized and managed. To minimize risks, we recommend that physicians adhere to careful and sterile injection technique, screen patients for high-risk factors such as diabetes, renal disease, or immunocompromise, stay up-to-date on biologics through education, and use reputable products with quality control assurances. While biologics hold promise for treating certain orthopedic conditions, more research is still required to better understand the full risk−benefit profile. Caution must be exercised to avoid harming patients until biologics are better understood.