Landrigan, P. J., Lioy, P. J., Thurston, G., Berkowitz, G., Chen, L. C., Chillrud, S. N., Gavett, S. H., Georgopoulos, P. G., Geyh, A. S., Levin, S., Perera, F., Rappaport, S. M., Small, C., Becker, M., Breysse, P. N., Cohen, B., Costa, M., Efstathiou, C., Eisenreich, S., ... Gallo, M. A. (2004). Health and environmental consequences of the World Trade Center disaster. Environmental Health Perspectives, 112(6), 731-739. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6702
Landrigan, PJ, Lioy, PJ, Thurston, G, Berkowitz, G, Chen, LC, Chillrud, SN, Gavett, SH, Georgopoulos, PG, Geyh, AS, Levin, S, Perera, F, Rappaport, SM, Small, C, Becker, M, Breysse, PN, Cohen, B, Costa, M, Efstathiou, C, Eisenreich, S, Foley, G, Frank, R, McGee, JK, Groopman, JD, Herbert, R, Herbstman, J, Jayjock, E, Kendall, M, Lederman, SA, Lim, HJ, Lippman, M, Maciejczyk, P, Millette, J, Miretzky, A, Ng, SP, Offenberg, JH, Özkaynak, HA, Pleil, JD, Pozzi, F, Quan, C, Reibman, J, Ross, J, Samet, JM, Santella, RM, Schwab, M, Shade, P, Sobo, M, Stenchikov, G, Sun, Q, Symons, JM, Turpin, B, Vyas, V, Wang, SW, Weisel, CP, Williams, DAL, Wolff, MS, Yiin, LM, Zhong, M & Gallo, MA 2004, 'Health and environmental consequences of the World Trade Center disaster', Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 112, n° 6, pp. 731-739. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6702
@article{d2eb036b032b480fbd789db7a08b67ca,
title = "Health and environmental consequences of the World Trade Center disaster",
abstract = "The attack on the World Trade Center (WTC) created an acute environmental disaster of enormous magnitude. This study characterizes the environmental exposures resulting from destruction of the WTC and assesses their effects on health. Methods include ambient air sampling; analyses of outdoor and indoor settled dust; high-altitude imaging and modeling of the atmospheric plume; inhalation studies of WTC dust in mice; and clinical examinations, community surveys, and prospective epidemiologic studies of exposed populations. WTC dust was found to consist predominantly (95%) of coarse particles and contained pulverized cement, glass fibers, asbestos, lead, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polychlorinated furans and dioxins. Airborne particulate levels were highest immediately after the attack and declined thereafter. Particulate levels decreased sharply with distance from the WTC. Dust pH was highly alkaline (pH 9.0-11.0). Mice exposed to WTC dust showed only moderate pulmonary inflammation but marked bronchial hyperreactivity. Evaluation of 10,116 firefighters showed exposure-related increases in cough and bronchial hyperreactivity. Evaluation of 183 cleanup workers showed new-onset cough (33%), wheeze (18%), and phlegm production (24%). Increased frequency of new-onset cough, wheeze, and shortness of breath were also observed in community residents. Follow-up of 182 pregnant women who were either inside or near the WTC on 11 September showed a 2-fold increase in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants. In summary, environmental exposures after the WTC disaster were associated with significant adverse effects on health. The high alkalinity of WTC dust produced bronchial hyperreactivity, persistent cough, and increased risk of asthma. Plausible causes of the observed increase in SGA infants include maternal exposures, to PAH and particulates. Future risk of mesothelioma may be increased, particularly among workers and volunteers exposed occupationally to asbestos. Continuing follow-up of all exposed populations is required to document the long-term consequences of the disaster.",
author = "Landrigan, {Philip J.} and Lioy, {Paul J.} and George Thurston and Gertrud Berkowitz and Chen, {L. C.} and Chillrud, {Steven N.} and Gavett, {Stephen H.} and Georgopoulos, {Panos G.} and Geyh, {Alison S.} and Stephen Levin and Frederica Perera and Rappaport, {Stephen M.} and Christopher Small and Mark Becker and Breysse, {Patrick N.} and Beverly Cohen and Max Costa and Christos Efstathiou and Steven Eisenreich and Gary Foley and Robert Frank and McGee, {John K.} and Groopman, {John D.} and Robin Herbert and Julie Herbstman and Eric Jayjock and Michaela Kendall and Lederman, {Sally A.} and Lim, {H. J.} and Morton Lippman and Polina Maciejczyk and J. Millette and Ady Miretzky and Ng, {Sheung P.} and Offenberg, {John H.} and {\"O}zkaynak, {Haluk A.} and Pleil, {Joachim D.} and Francesca Pozzi and Chunli Quan and Joan Reibman and J. Ross and Samet, {Jonathan M.} and Santella, {Regina M.} and Margo Schwab and Pamela Shade and Mary Sobo and G. Stenchikov and Qing Sun and Symons, {J. Morel} and Barbara Turpin and Vikram Vyas and Wang, {Sheng Wei} and Weisel, {Clifford P.} and Williams, {D'Ann L.} and Wolff, {Mary S.} and Yiin, {Lih Ming} and Mianhua Zhong and Gallo, {Michael A.}",
year = "2004",
month = may,
doi = "10.1289/ehp.6702",
language = "English",
volume = "112",
pages = "731--739",
journal = "Environmental Health Perspectives",
issn = "0091-6765",
publisher = "Public Health Services, US Dept of Health and Human Services",
number = "6",
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Health and environmental consequences of the World Trade Center disaster
AU - Landrigan, Philip J.
AU - Lioy, Paul J.
AU - Thurston, George
AU - Berkowitz, Gertrud
AU - Chen, L. C.
AU - Chillrud, Steven N.
AU - Gavett, Stephen H.
AU - Georgopoulos, Panos G.
AU - Geyh, Alison S.
AU - Levin, Stephen
AU - Perera, Frederica
AU - Rappaport, Stephen M.
AU - Small, Christopher
AU - Becker, Mark
AU - Breysse, Patrick N.
AU - Cohen, Beverly
AU - Costa, Max
AU - Efstathiou, Christos
AU - Eisenreich, Steven
AU - Foley, Gary
AU - Frank, Robert
AU - McGee, John K.
AU - Groopman, John D.
AU - Herbert, Robin
AU - Herbstman, Julie
AU - Jayjock, Eric
AU - Kendall, Michaela
AU - Lederman, Sally A.
AU - Lim, H. J.
AU - Lippman, Morton
AU - Maciejczyk, Polina
AU - Millette, J.
AU - Miretzky, Ady
AU - Ng, Sheung P.
AU - Offenberg, John H.
AU - Özkaynak, Haluk A.
AU - Pleil, Joachim D.
AU - Pozzi, Francesca
AU - Quan, Chunli
AU - Reibman, Joan
AU - Ross, J.
AU - Samet, Jonathan M.
AU - Santella, Regina M.
AU - Schwab, Margo
AU - Shade, Pamela
AU - Sobo, Mary
AU - Stenchikov, G.
AU - Sun, Qing
AU - Symons, J. Morel
AU - Turpin, Barbara
AU - Vyas, Vikram
AU - Wang, Sheng Wei
AU - Weisel, Clifford P.
AU - Williams, D'Ann L.
AU - Wolff, Mary S.
AU - Yiin, Lih Ming
AU - Zhong, Mianhua
AU - Gallo, Michael A.
PY - 2004/5
Y1 - 2004/5
N2 - The attack on the World Trade Center (WTC) created an acute environmental disaster of enormous magnitude. This study characterizes the environmental exposures resulting from destruction of the WTC and assesses their effects on health. Methods include ambient air sampling; analyses of outdoor and indoor settled dust; high-altitude imaging and modeling of the atmospheric plume; inhalation studies of WTC dust in mice; and clinical examinations, community surveys, and prospective epidemiologic studies of exposed populations. WTC dust was found to consist predominantly (95%) of coarse particles and contained pulverized cement, glass fibers, asbestos, lead, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polychlorinated furans and dioxins. Airborne particulate levels were highest immediately after the attack and declined thereafter. Particulate levels decreased sharply with distance from the WTC. Dust pH was highly alkaline (pH 9.0-11.0). Mice exposed to WTC dust showed only moderate pulmonary inflammation but marked bronchial hyperreactivity. Evaluation of 10,116 firefighters showed exposure-related increases in cough and bronchial hyperreactivity. Evaluation of 183 cleanup workers showed new-onset cough (33%), wheeze (18%), and phlegm production (24%). Increased frequency of new-onset cough, wheeze, and shortness of breath were also observed in community residents. Follow-up of 182 pregnant women who were either inside or near the WTC on 11 September showed a 2-fold increase in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants. In summary, environmental exposures after the WTC disaster were associated with significant adverse effects on health. The high alkalinity of WTC dust produced bronchial hyperreactivity, persistent cough, and increased risk of asthma. Plausible causes of the observed increase in SGA infants include maternal exposures, to PAH and particulates. Future risk of mesothelioma may be increased, particularly among workers and volunteers exposed occupationally to asbestos. Continuing follow-up of all exposed populations is required to document the long-term consequences of the disaster.
AB - The attack on the World Trade Center (WTC) created an acute environmental disaster of enormous magnitude. This study characterizes the environmental exposures resulting from destruction of the WTC and assesses their effects on health. Methods include ambient air sampling; analyses of outdoor and indoor settled dust; high-altitude imaging and modeling of the atmospheric plume; inhalation studies of WTC dust in mice; and clinical examinations, community surveys, and prospective epidemiologic studies of exposed populations. WTC dust was found to consist predominantly (95%) of coarse particles and contained pulverized cement, glass fibers, asbestos, lead, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polychlorinated furans and dioxins. Airborne particulate levels were highest immediately after the attack and declined thereafter. Particulate levels decreased sharply with distance from the WTC. Dust pH was highly alkaline (pH 9.0-11.0). Mice exposed to WTC dust showed only moderate pulmonary inflammation but marked bronchial hyperreactivity. Evaluation of 10,116 firefighters showed exposure-related increases in cough and bronchial hyperreactivity. Evaluation of 183 cleanup workers showed new-onset cough (33%), wheeze (18%), and phlegm production (24%). Increased frequency of new-onset cough, wheeze, and shortness of breath were also observed in community residents. Follow-up of 182 pregnant women who were either inside or near the WTC on 11 September showed a 2-fold increase in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants. In summary, environmental exposures after the WTC disaster were associated with significant adverse effects on health. The high alkalinity of WTC dust produced bronchial hyperreactivity, persistent cough, and increased risk of asthma. Plausible causes of the observed increase in SGA infants include maternal exposures, to PAH and particulates. Future risk of mesothelioma may be increased, particularly among workers and volunteers exposed occupationally to asbestos. Continuing follow-up of all exposed populations is required to document the long-term consequences of the disaster.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=2442458968&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=2442458968&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1289/ehp.6702
DO - 10.1289/ehp.6702
M3 - Article
C2 - 15121517
AN - SCOPUS:2442458968
SN - 0091-6765
VL - 112
SP - 731
EP - 739
JO - Environmental Health Perspectives
JF - Environmental Health Perspectives
IS - 6
ER -
