Longitudinal Relationships Between Depression and Chronic Illness in Adolescents: An Integrative Review

Introduction: Depression is prevalent among adolescents with chronic illness. However, little is known about how depression affects chronic illness over time. This review aimed to synthesize longitudinal relationships between depression and disease control, self-management behaviors, illness-related morbidity, and quality of life. Method: Four databases were searched, including PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, and EMBASE. Inclusion criteria were cohort studies examining depression among adolescents aged 10–21 years with a chronic illness and studies published in English. Study quality was appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and data was synthesized by the outcome. Results: Of the 3,463 articles identified, 11 were included in the review. For adolescents with diabetes, increased depressive symptoms predicted decreased metabolic control and monitoring, medication adherence, quality of life, and increased hospitalization. Studies on cystic fibrosis, congenital heart disease, sickle cell disease, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis were limited but demonstrated that depressive symptoms affected the quality of life, disability, pain, and hospitalization rates/costs. Discussion: Evidence supports the need for mental health care strategies suitable for adolescents with chronic illness. Future research is needed to examine the effects of depressive symptoms across diversified chronic illness populations.