Serum antibodies to periodontal bacteria as diagnostic markers of periodontitis

Background: Assessment of periodontal conditions in epidemio-logic studies usually requires a clinical examination, which is resource-intensive. We investigated the ability of serum immunoglobulin G (IgQ) antibodies to periodontal bacteria to reflect clinical periodontal status. Methods: We used checkerboard immunoblotting to assess serum IgG levels to 19 species, including established/putative periodontal pathogens and non-pathogenic bacteria, in 5,747 dentate adults aged ≥40 years who participated in the third Mational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 1988 and 1994. Three earlier described alternative definitions of periodontitis were used, based on specific combinations of probing depth and attachment level values. Optimized elevated titer thresholds and corresponding sensitivities and specificities were calculated for each definition. Tilers significantly associated with periodontitis were identified in univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. Parsimonious models were subsequently developed using age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, smoking, and diagnosed diabetes. Results: In unadjusted models, high titers to Porphyromonas gingίυa-Hs were most strongly associated with periodontitis across all definitions (odds ratio, 2.07 to 2.74; P<0.05). In parsimonious models including demographic data, smoking, and diagnosed diabetes, high P. gingiυalis titers were consistently associated with periodontitis, whereas high Eu-bacterium nodatum titers were associated with periodontal health in two of three definitions. Receiver operating characteristic curves for the parsimonious multivariable models showed that the area under the curve ranged between 0,72 and 0,78. Conclusions: Serum IgQ titers to selected periodontal species, combined with demographic and behavioral characteristics, resulted in a moderately accurate classification of periodontal status in epidemiologic studies. The external validity of these findings must be examined further.