Basic science of articular cartilage and osteoarthritis

Hyaline cartilage is a highly specialized tissue uniquely designed for load distribution with a smooth, low friction articulating surface. In the homeostatic joint, chondrocyte metabolism maintains a highly structured extracellular matrix that endows cartilage with its biomechanical properties. OA represents a family of disorders characterized by a relentless process in which all components of cartilage are destroyed. It is increasingly clear that this process bridges the biomechanics and biochemistry of cartilage as illustrated by the mechanically mediated and cytokine-mediated pathways involved in the pathogenesis of OA. Further insight into the basic science of cartilage and OA is necessary to develop diagnostic and treatment strategies for this pervasive disease.